Initially, MPO connectors were used primarily for high-performance computing (HPC) applications and enterprise data centers. Over the years, the applications have expanded to connectivity with various types of optical devices, such as CWDM, DWDM, PLC splitter, etc. The ultimate goal is to improve transmission capacity and reduce operation and maintenance costs. The key components for typical MPO connector is shown in the figure below：
Over the years, the optical fiber density of MPO connectors has increased from 12 core single-mode fibers or 12 core multi-mode fibers to 16 core, 32 core, 48 core, 72 core, and even higher fiber counts.
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